Inventions that change the world Essay Example for Free

Inventions that change the world EssayAmeri underside solon and inventor Benjamin Franklin was particularly interested in galvanisingity and set up a petty laboratory in his house to investigate its properties. His interest soon shifted from electricity to lightning after he detect the similarities between the two. One stormy night, he conducted a life-threatening experiment to demonstrate that lightning is the result of an electric build up. He constructed a kite that carried a metal spike and flew it into the thunderstorm. The kite had a attain attached near the bottom of the ribbon and Franklin noticed that it sparked as he brought his knuckles close to it. Franklin had shown that lightning was stamp of electricity and he went on to use this knowledge to design a lightning rod to protect buildings. Linnean TAXONOMYLinnaean taxonomy is a trunk of classification of living organism that is employ throughout biological sciences. The nearly important feature of Linnaean Taxonomy is a system cognize as binomial nomenclature. The first denomination identifies the genus to which the organism belongs the second name is its unique species. BIMETTALIC STRIPA bimetallic strip is a wide-eyed device which converts thermal energy into mechanical motion. It is used as a thermally activated switch or heat indicator and figures on the principle of differential expansion of heated unhomogeneous metals. The bimetallic strip is make up of two different metals which are bonded together to form a straight, flat strip or a concentric coil. When the strip is heated, one of the metals heats up and expands stronger than the differentwise, create the strip to bend. This mechanical deflectionis then harnessed in various ways to switch galvanic circuits or move a dial to a give heat value indication. MARINE CHRONOMETERA marine chronometer is a clock that is precise and dead-on(prenominal) enough to be used as a portable time standard it stack therefore be used to determine longitude by kernel of celestial navigation. When first developed in the 18th century, it was a major technical achievement, as accurate knowledge of the time over a long sea voyage is necessary for navigation, lacking electronic or communications aids. The first true chronometer was the life work of one human, John Harrison, spanning 31 age of persistent experimentation and testing that revolutionized naval (and later aerial) navigation. SPINNING JENNYThe increased speed of distort created a new problem because it now took three spinners to keep up with one weaver. This problem was solved in 1764, when James Hargreaves invented a new machine that was capable of spinning eight threads of cotton fiber yarn, instead of the spinning wheels one. The new machine was called the spinning jenny. All this time the processes of spinning and weaving were smooth being carried out at home. This was possible because both the flying shuttle and the spinning jenny were lower-ran king enough to be used in the cottage. SURVEYORS PERAMBULATOR WHEELThe origins of the surveyors wheel are affiliated to the origins of the odometer. While the latter is derived to measure distances traveled by a vehicle, the former is specialized to measure distances. untold of the material on the earliest stages in the development of the hodometer is adequately covered in odometer. In the 17th century, the surveyors wheel was re-introduced and used to measure distances. A superstar wheel is attached to a give care and the device can be pushed or pulled along by a person walking. Early devices were made of wood and may have an iron rim to provide strength. The wheels themselves would be made in the identical manner as wagon wheels and often by the same makers. The measuring devices would be made by makers of scientific instruments and the device and handles would be attached to the wheel by them. The device to read the distance travelled would be mounted either near the hub o f the wheel or at the top of thehandle. STEAM locomotive engine WITH SEPARATE CONDENSERA steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work victimization steam as its working melted. Steam engines are external combustion engines where the working fluid is separate from the combustion products. Non-combustion heat sources such as solar power, nuclear power or geothermic energy may be used. The ideal thermodynamic cycle used to analyze this process is called the Rankine cycle. In the cycle, water is heated and transforms into steam within a boiler operating at a proud pressure. When expanded through pistons or turbines, mechanical work is done. The reduced-pressure steam is then condensed and pumped back into the boiler. pissing FRAMEIn 1769, a wig maker and pricier, Richard Arkwright, had observed that, even with these improvements, the hand loom weavers could not keep up with the demand for cloth. He therefore set out to design and produces a such(prenominal) bangin gr spinning machine that would be able to cope with the increased demand. His design became known as the water frame. It was given this name because it needed energy from a watermill to power it. It was therefore too sizeable for cottage work and, consequently, had to be placed in a large building known as a factory. This meant that, for the first time, a family involved in the production of woven cloth were now infract up. The women of the family, whom, you will remember, were the traditional spinners, now, had to leave their cottages and work in a large building where the water frames had been installed.Since these factories used water as their power source, they tended to be built in areas where a good supply of fast flowing water was available. These early water powered factories, because they looked like large watermills, became known as mills. They were in general concentrated in the mountainous areas of Britain where water was plentiful. For the first time men and women we re separated in their work. The man stayed at home to produce the weaving and the women left home each day to work in the factory, producing the yarn for their men folk to weave into cloth. VENETIAN BLINDVenetian blind is a caseful of window covering. in that location are many different kinds of window blinds which use a variety of aver systems. A typical window blind is made up of several long horizontal or vertical slats of varioustypes of fabric, wood, plastic or metal which are held together by cords that brave through the blind slats. Window blinds can be adjusted by rotating them from an open position to a closed position with either a manual or remote control which allows the slats to overlap and contain out most of the light. There are besides several types of window blinds that use a single piece of material instead of slats. A window blind is similarly known as a window shade. CATERPILLAR TRACKSContinuous track, also called tank tread or caterpillar track, is a syst em of vehicle propulsion in which a continuous band of treads is driven by two or more wheels. This band is typically made of modular steel plates in the case of military vehicles, or rubber reinforced with steel wires in the case of lighter agricultural or construction vehicles. The large surface area of the tracks distri onlyes the weight of the vehicle better than steel or rubber tyres on an tantamount(predicate) vehicle, enabling a continuous tracked vehicle to traverse softening foothold with less likeliness of becoming stuck due to sinking. The prominent treads of the metal plates are both hard-wearing and ill-use resistant, especially in resemblance to rubber tyres. The aggressive treads of the tracks provide good traction in soft surfaces but can damage paved surfaces. Special tracks that incorporate rubber pads can be installed for use on paved surfaces to hold back the damage that can be caused by all-metal tracks. Continuous tracks can be traced back as far as 177 0 and today are commonly used on a variety of vehicle including bulldozers, excavators, tanks, and tractors, but can be found on any vehicle used in an application that can benefit from the added traction, low ground pressure and durability inherent in continuous track propulsion systems. SODA WATERCarbonated water (soda water) is water into which carbon dioxide burn out under pressure has been dissolved. This process, known as carbonation, is a process that causes the water to become effervescent. For people who enjoy drinking soft drinks, change water can provide a calorie- and sugar-free substitute. The vast majority of carbonated water is sold in ready to drink bottles like mineral water or carbonated beverages such as soft drinks, but it is easy to prepare at home with soda makers. S-TRAP FOR TOILETIn plumbing, a limit is a U-, S-, or J-shaped pipe located below or within a plumbing fixture. An S-shaped bound is also known as the S-bend invented by Alexander Cummings in 177 5 but became known as the U-bend following the introduction of the U-shaped trap by Thomas Crapper in 1880. The new U-bend could not jam, so, different the S-bend, it did not need an overflow. The bend is used to prevent sewer gases from entering buildings. In refinery applications, it also prevents hydrocarbons and other dangerous gases from escaping outside through drains. The most common of these traps in houses is referred to as a P-trap. It is the addition of a 90 degree fitting on the outlet side of a U-bend, thereby creating a P-like shape. It is also referred to as a sink trap because it is installed under most house sinks.Because of its shape, the trap retains a picayune amount of water after the fixtures use. This water in the trap creates a seal that prevents sewer gas from passing from the drain pipes back into the occupied space of the building. Essentially all plumbing fixtures including sinks, bathtubs, and toilets must be equipped with either an internal or externa l trap. Because it is a localized low-point in the plumbing, sink traps also tend to capture heavy objects (such as jewellery) that are inadvertently dropped into the sink. Traps also tend to collect hair, sand, and other debris and limit the ultimate size of objects that will pass on into the rest of the plumbing, thereby contracting over-sized objects. For all of these reasons, most traps can either be disassembled for cleaning or they provide some discriminate of cleanout feature. SUBMERSIBLE CRAFTSubmersible is a small vehicle designed to operate semiaquatic. The term submergible is often used to differentiate from other underwater vehicles known as submarines, in that a submarine is a fully autonomous craft, capable of renewing its own power and breathing air, whereas a submergible is usually supported by a surface vessel, platform, shore team or sometimes a larger submarine. In common usage by the general public, however, the word submarine may be used to describe a craf t that is by the technical definition actually a submersible. There are many types of submersibles, including both manned and unmanned craft, otherwise known as remotely operated vehicles or ROVs. Submersibles have many uses worldwide, suchas oceanography, underwater archaeology, ocean exploration, adventure, equipment maintenance/recovery or underwater videographer. BORING MACHINEA tunnel boring machine (TBM) also known as a mole, is a machine used to excavate tunnels with a circular cross section through a variety of soil and rock strata. They can bore through anything from hard rock to sand. Tunnel diameters can range from a metre (done with micro-TBMs) to 19.25 m to date. Tunnels of less than a metre or so in diameter are typically done using trenchless construction rules or horizontal directional drill rather than TBMs. Tunnel boring machines are used as an alternative to drilling and blasting (DB) methods in rock and conventional hand mining in soil. TBMs have the advantages of limiting the disturbance to the surrounding ground and producing a smooth tunnel wall. This significantly reduces the cost of lining the tunnel, and makes them suitable to use in heavily urbanized areas. The major disadvantage is the upfront cost. TBMs are expensive to construct, and can be difficult to transport. However, as modern tunnels become longer, the cost of tunnel boring machines versus drill and blast is actually lessthis is because tunnelling with TBMs is much more efficient and results in a shorter project. STEAMBOATA steamboat is a boat in which the primary method of propulsion is steam power, typically driving propellers or paddlewheels. Steamboats sometimes use the prefix designation SS, S.S. or S/S (for Screw Steamer) or PS (for Paddle Steamer), however these designations are most often used for Steamships. The term steamboat is used to refer to smaller, insular, steam-powered boats working on lakes and rivers, particularly riverboats. As using steam became mor e reliable, steam power became applied to larger, ocean-going vessels.