Industrialization Expansion in Russia and Japan Essay

Much of Western Europe quickly industrialized after Great Britain. If they did not, they were immediately outclassed by the British in trade and military strength. Industrialization made good use of the natural resources in a state. Some nations industrialized a while after Great Britain and were falling behind. Two of these states were Russia and Japan. These countries experienced change in governments, economic power, and social structure as a result of industrialization. Yet, these states went through their industrializations in very different ways than each other. Russia, industrialized as a result of many peasant revolts. The revolts led to the emancipation of the serfs in 1861, they received land but the political chains were still†¦show more content†¦The concentration of power into the emperor’s hands led to many changes in the government of Japan. The samurai class was quickly abolished, a national army was formed, political parties formed, an upper House of Peers and lower House of Diet were formed, and a constitution was drafted. Russia was very agriculturally based and did not have the sufficient technology to industrialize. States could industrialize when an efficient agricultural system was implemented to provide sufficient food for the factory workers that did not have land to farm. It is the trend seen from the beginning of civilization. Trade specialization can only occur with a surplus of food. Therefore, the first step for Russia, on its way to industrialization, was to become more efficient at farming. This was achieved with the emancipation of the serfs. Still without a middle class, the government played a strong role in the early decisions with industrialization. The tsar during this time, Alexander II, had a great railroad network created that allowed for more efficient use of Russia’s plentiful natural resources. With the change of government in Japan, economic change soon followed. Banks were founded to invest in capital, railways and steam boats were developed, restrictions on trade such as tariffs and guilds were removed, and land was re-distributed. These reforms helped spur the IndustrialShow MoreRelatedThe Rise Of The Late And Early 20th Century1693 Words   |  7 PagesCountries such as Japan, Russia, as well as Europe’s scramble for Africa are prime examples of existing legacies from the imperialistic era of the late 19th century and onto the early 20th century. A balance of imperial expansion and their eventual collapse were the key components utilized by Weste rn nations to modernize and westernize the world between the periods of 1850 and 1950. 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Comparing Tension and Conflict in Things Fall Apart and...

Tension and Conflict in Things Fall Apart and Clear Light of Day How does the tension between traditional and modern views of the world play itself out in Achebes Things Fall Apart, and Desais Clear Light of Day? In both Achebes and Desais novels, tension and conflict between the new and the old, traditional and modern are the strong undercurrents that move the story and the reader into an unconscious emotional uneasiness. In both novels, the backdrop and the story are engrossed in a struggle between two worlds, the new and the old fighting out its battles in the characters portrayed within. Achebe makes his stand in eastern Nigeria while Desai illustrates her†¦show more content†¦I believe the book pivots on this statement: Does the white man understand our custom about land? How can he when he does not even speak our tongue? But he says that our customs are bad. How do you think we can fight when our own bothers have turned against us? The white man is very clever. He came quietly and peaceable with his religion. We were amused at his foolishness and allowed him to stay. Now he has won our brothers, and our clan can no longer act like one. He has put a knife on the things that held us together and we have fallen apart. It is interesting how the whole process came about. The missionary Mr. Brown came in with his soft approach and gained the respect of the clan. Then came along Mr. Smith The missionary with the black and white, hard handed approach. It was this iron fist that was the last straw for this clan. Okonkwo, the respected leader couldnt take any more. After helping burn down the church and killing a messenger he hung himself. A sin in both worlds, but the only way out for a man trapped between them. In Desais novel, Clear Light of Day we see the same tensions. But unlike Achebe, Desai weaves them lightly in and out of the story. In this tale, Bim is much like Okonkwo, trapped between two worlds. 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Sustainability and Housing Provision in Malaysia

Question: Critically analyse the article titled sustainability and housing provision in Malaysia. Answer: Analysis of the article The author in this report critically analyzes the article titled sustainability and housing provision in Malaysia. The author of the article is Teck - Hong Tan. The article has been cited by other authors as well and it was published in January 2011. The article is a journal article that aims at explaining the effect of the housing process on the standard of living of Malaysian people. Housing policies based on sustainability is viewed as a necessary condition. Sustainability is not just living in a healthy environment but it means maintain a good standard living. Housing is one of the basic necessities that human requires. The housing policies and programs should be economically viable and technically feasible in order to ensure that the housing industry is sustainable. The article focuses on employment and income effects, labor productivity and growth effects of housing provision (Ong, 2013). The main aim of the paper is to analyze how successful is government in Malaysia in meetin g the housing needs of people. It also analyzes the ways that is possible to achieve sustainable housing provision. It further analyzes the roles and challenges of public and private household providers in housing provision in Malaysia for the past twenty years. Malaysia is a multi cultural country where there are three groups that are prominent. Housing provisions depends on these racial religious groups. Most of the Malays live in rural areas, Indians in rubber and oil palm estate and Chinese in urban areas. It was essential for the government to break this stereotype and implement a new economic policy in 1970. The main aim of the economic policy is to foster unity by eradicating poverty and changing tax structure for the benefit of the society (Tan, 2011). Introduction The article clearly states the plans of the Malaysian government regarding housing programs that is clearly laid in the five year plan. The main aim of the first and the second five year plan is to promote the welfare of the people irrespective of the ethnic background. The third plan aims at eradicating poverty. The fourth plan aims at providing housing provisions to all the people in the society. The fifth plan aims at providing the basic social facilities such as schools, hospitals and community in spite of the basic infrastructural facilities. In the sixth and the seventh plan housing provisions were divided into low, middle and high income group. The plan requires both the private and public housing to cooperate and meet the demand of housing plan specially the low income group. The article then specifies the housing provision plan by the public and private sectors. The second part of the article clearly specifies the importance and the role of the private and the public sector in provision of households (Tan, 2011). The third part of the article specifies challenges that they meet while providing the house. The article discusses the issues of the five year plan and the challenges that the government face in meeting the housing needs in Malaysia. After addressing the issues the author clearly states the achievement of the Malaysian government in providing housing provision. At last the article reviews the ways the issues can be addressed and solved. It provides ways to achieve the sustainable housing provision. The information and the hypotheses are clearly stated that gives a clear idea on what the author actually wants to say. But the article fails to specify various economic policies and its implication on the housing needs and provisions. The housing regulation in Malaysia is highly regulated. The housing plan needs to be approved from the federal and the state authorities in Malaysia (Stiglitz Rosengard, 2015). The Method section The public and private sectors plays an important role in providing housing needs. The first phase of the housing policy development concentrated on the public sector. Public sector plays an important role in providing housing approach specially to low income group. Before independence the British administration concentrated on providing housing facilities to the government authorities only but after independence the government concentrated on providing housing to all. The public sector is directly responsible for providing housing facilities in urban areas concentrating on urban development. Intervention of private sector is essential as the public sectors cannot meet the demands of all the housing provisions. In Malaysia there are two components of private sector housing provisions. The first component is the housing developer that indulges in initiating projects themselves and speculative building. The second component is construction firms that develops and provides organizations and entrepreneurial skills that construct the dwellings themselves. Licensed are required by the private sector builders before starting any construction (Ball, 2013). Private and public sector face many challenges and issues while providing housing needs to the people. The issues that people face needs to be addressed urgently to maintain sustainability. The main problem is with the five year Malaysian plan that does not specify provision of housing needs to the poor. The poor section has been given low priority by the public sector. The main issue with the public sector is that it is slow in approving the application for land developments. The problem with the private sector was that it only targeted the rich people and the cost of the houses provided by them was high. The private sectors are not keen on development of low cost houses as the main aim of the private sector is profit maximization. Another problem is that many projects that targets poorer section of societies has been abandoned and left incomplete. The victims are mostly the middle and the poor section. The builders aims at extracting as much money it can from then poor people for w hich they adopt various ways (Forrest Murie 2014). The housing policies and programs should be economically viable, socially feasible and technically acceptable to achieve sustainable housing provisions. The mortgage loans provided by the government should be low in order to make the housing facility affordable by everyone. Home finances should be made more affordable by providing subsides and financial assistance. The public and the private sectors should conduct the market research before formulating any housing plan. The housing plan laid and built should depend on various other factors. Both the private and the public sector should keep in mind the factors whether the buyer will purchase the house or not (Zainun et al., 2015). These factors are infrastructure and employment opportunities available. Many low cost building are available in areas where there are no employment opportunities and any infrastructure facilities that are left unsold. Proper actions need to be taken for those who are in a situation of abandoned house. Vari ous policies and programs can help the government achieve its plan and objective of proving low cost housing to the low income group. Public sector should gear up its efficiency and should be fact to pass the applications for housing provisions. A committee should be set to look into the building of the house so that the purchaser doesnt face the problems of incomplete house (Doling Ronald, 2014). The results section The author provides various datas to support its argument. A table is given to show the housing achievements under five year Malaysian housing plans. The table clearly states that the policies only benefit the richer section of the country while ignoring the poor and the middle group people. The main target of the public sector was to provide the housing facilities to the poor. But the table indicates that the housing program and plan only benefited the richer section. The condition of the private sector was even worse. The data suggest that the poor and low income group is the ones that are most affected by the five year Malaysian plan. The article fails to specify the economic implications of the housing provision plan and program. The article only specifies the achievement of the private and the public sector but it does not look into the demand side of the economy. It fails to specify the investment plan of the government as well. The main result that can be drawn from the articl e is that the housing plan and provisions in Malaysia has only benefited the rich and not the poor. The government needs to plan effectively and target in the low income group to achieve the sustainability and increase the standard of living of all the people. The article does not need any use of statistical analysis but the author could have used graphs of demand and supply to explain the economic implications of the plan (Samikon et al., 2013). The discussion section The author concludes that the government should concentrate on taking into the account the needs of the buyers. It is destructive to provide all the benefits to the builders. The conclusion does match with the results reported. The recommendation of the author is that government should formulate National Housing Policy to provide the benefit of the housing facility to all. The author also provided the ways that the government can adopt to improve the housing provisions in Malaysia. The article could have been better if proper methods could have been recommended by the government with the proper dataset and proof (Said et al., 2014). Strengths of the article The main strength of the article is that the author presents the importance of the public and private sector in providing the housing provisions. The author clearly specifies the five year plan of Malaysia and the plan of the government for providing the house to the needy it states that the main aim of the government is to eradicate poverty. The author also analyzes the issues and the challenges that the economy faces while providing housing facility. In the next part the author addresses the issues and provides the ways that can be used to correct the challenges that different sectors in an economy face. Private and public sector play an important role in providing housing facility. They also face many challenges. The article specifies that the main aim of the private sector is profit maximization while the public sector as usual is not effective. Hence the two combinations fail to provide low cost houses to the lower income group people (Hashim et al., 2012). Drawback of article The main drawback of the article is that the author does not provide any economic theories and empirical data to support the arguments. It also fails to specify the economic implications of the housing policy and programs. The economic factors such as employment opportunities, income levels, infrastructural development, interest rates, inflation rate, and economic growth affect the market for housing. The author does not specify these factors and its affect on housing. The provision of housing also is affected by the financial institutions and mortgages that the banks give. The author has just concentrated on the income level and public and private sector that affect the housing provisions. Unemployment is the main factors that affect the housing demand and supply. If the unemployment t rate rises in the country then the demand for the housing will decrease and the government will have to provide low cost housing. Shifts in demography also have its effect on the housing provisions (F oo Wong, 2014). Conclusion Hence sustainability does not only mean providing healthy environment but maintaining a healthy standard of living as well. Standard of living can be maintained by spreading the income among the different sections of the society equally. The main issue in Malaysia is that the housing facility is only beneficial to the rich while it ignore the poor. The Government should take proper measures to bridge the gap between the rich and poor by concentrating on the low income group. Subsidies should be given to the one who cannot afford a house. The interest on housing loans should be reduced. References Ball, M. (2013).Housing policy and economic power: the political economy of owner occupation. Routledge. Doling, J., Ronald, R. (Eds.). (2014).Housing East Asia: Socioeconomic and Demographic Challenges. Palgrave Macmillan. Foo, L. H. R., Wong, C. (2014). Planning for Housing Development in Malaysia: Developers' Response to the Regulatory Policy Framework.International Planning Studies,19(2), 192-209. Forrest, R., Murie, A. (2014).Selling the welfare state: The privatisation of public housing. Routledge. Hashim, A. E., Samikon, S. A., Nasir, N. M., Ismail, N. (2012). Assessing factors influencing performance of Malaysian low-cost public housing in sustainable environment.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,50, 920-927. Ong, T. S. (2013). Factors affecting the price of housing in Malaysia.Journal of Emerging Issues in Economics, Finance and Banking,1(5), 414-429. Said, R., Adair, A., McGreal, S., Majid, R. (2014). Inter-relationship between the housing market and housing finance system: evidence from Malaysia.International Journal of Strategic Property Management,18(2), 138-150. Samikon, S., Ismail, Z. U. L. H. A. B. R. I., Hashim, A., Nasir, N. (2013). Managing adaptation in low-cost public housing: A conceptual framework.Energy, Environmental and Structural Engineering Series,9. Stiglitz, J. E., Rosengard, J. K. (2015).Economics of the Public Sector: Fourth International Student Edition. WW Norton Company.

A New Kind of Hero free essay sample

I constantly have dreams where I am a superhero. When I’m unconscious, Super Me is wide awake; swiftly diffusing through solid walls, shooting electricity from her hands, and simply tensing her body to become invisible. She can briskly shove off the ground to fly into the air and create a flame with the snap of her fingers. But when daylight breaks, so does the illusion, as I do not exchange my regular civilian pajamas to don knee high boots and a cape. Instead, I wake up, and reach for my laptop. The tedious task of discovering what to write I usually find an impossible one, filled with un-bloomed characters, tangled plots, and chipped away endings. But when I have these dreams it’s completely different. It’s as if these stories arrive in my head each night already perfectly concocted and taped together, the only thing left to do is write them down. We will write a custom essay sample on A New Kind of Hero or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It almost seems as if I’m cheating the game of writing, selfishly using these premade dreams as the mold for stories of my own. I don’t even find myself thinking ahead or trying to plan anything out, because the only thing that matters is getting every super thing I know out of my head and onto the page. This Super Me I create is an inflated version of myself. If I am a balloon, she is the epitome of my own personal blimp. I write her to have everything I will ever want, and be everything I wish to be. Super Me is independent, yet self conscious, strong willed and yet still relatable. She always has a sarcastic comeback to retort to her enemy, and an inspirational phrase to quote as she comfortingly rubs her friend’s back. She is my own self created role model, helping me see when I have lost my glasses, and giving me a voice when I have a story to tell. So my real life superpowers are hardly as exciting or infinite as my characters’. No, I can’t exactly stop time or teleport or manipulate luck or hypnotize. I can’t lift buildings or reflexively fade into invisibility. But I do have the power over my words, wielding the ability to phrase them in ways in which no one else can. I have the ability to spark ideas that will be sure to cause a reaction. At first I was embarrassed. I would never share my work, let alone tell people I write for fun in my spare time. But now I love when people hate what I’ve written, or if they think I’m weird. I love when they have such a strong opinion their only drive to continue reading my work is simply to have more to prod at. Whether it’s a negative or positive impact, I’ve discovered that my real life superpower is the ability to provoke thought. Sometimes heroes can come to you when you least expect it. They have been known to appear when one is distraught or frightened, and told to find you when you’re lost and scared of the dark unknown. Many peo ple idly wait for their hero. I make one for myself. Maybe writing myself as a fictional superhero shows the type of person I am. It shows me that I don’t need my own idol or role model like most people my age constantly feel like they do. Maybe my own real life hero is me. I believe it’s time to show this world how super I really am.